Well, speaking for the Czech Republic, Prague has an important share of expats, and most places here in the capital are English-friendly, having menus and signs in both languages. With a few exceptions in the suburbs, or several mainly expats' venues.

Once you leave Prague, you would hardly meet English advertisements, or even menus when it comes to small town and villages. Still, some people there would have doormats saying Welcome rather than Vítejte for some reason :) I am quite sure it would be the same in Hungary.

I know several Israeli people living here in Prague, and they feel unsafe showing off their origin by using Hebrew, so they speak English with each other in public. I can imagine many young Israeli could feel similar way. Just to frame it, Czechs aren’t particularly hostile to the Israeli, quite the contrary. Even the local far right has others on the top of their hate list.

Oh, and yes - if there's a chance to learn a language, do so! :)